Azure Archives - The Random Admin

Force Intune apps to redeploy

by David | Jan 1, 2025 | Azure, Deployments, Information Technology, PowerShell, RMM Tools

Last month, I had an app that had some issues for a single end user. I wasn’t sure why it was causing issues, but one of the troubleshooting steps we needed to do was uninstall it and have Intune reinstall it. We uninstalled the application. However, Intune, being Intune, sat there. We forced a sync, and nothing. I wish there was a redeploy option in the Intune interface, but there isn’t. So what can you do? Well, there is a small secret. Intune has registry keys that keep track of the deployments on the machine itself. These linger even after uninstalling the app. So, removing them is the gravey. So today we are going to force Intune apps to redeploy.

Intune Registry Keys / App ID Number

Intune’s registry keys are located in the Local Machine > Software > Microsoft > IntuneManagementExtension > Win32App. Let me tell you what now. My southern is going to come out some yall. This is where we can see the users. The system has it’s own user, which is the all zeros, but each other user has it’s own code.

When you open this folder, you will be taken to a beautiful list of what? Yeah, it’s a mess. You need to know some things about this list in order to force intune apps to redeploy. You will need to have the app’s ID number. To get this number, you will need to navigate to your Intune. We will be heading to the app you want to uninstall. I’m doing my 7zip today as an example. At the end of the url, you will see the appID. That’s what you will need.

Once you have that code, you will be ready. What you will need to do now is delete the folder with that code. Then navigate to the GRS folder. It will have a bunch of hashes. No, not the drug, but math code. Wait, is hash still what people call it now days? I feel old. Anyway, you have two options here. One, you can go to the logs and search the logs for the hash. This can take a while, and shockingly, it is not reliable as logs get deleted. The other way is to go through this registry folder, folder by folder, until you find the key, as seen below. I prefer PowerShell. Once you delete the required registry keys, all you have to do is restart the Microsoft Intune Management Extension service.

Powershell To the Rescue

If you have read this blog long enough, you know PowerShell is coming somehow. Today’s script will save you a crap ton of time. Let’s dive right in.

$Path = "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\IntuneManagementExtension\Win32Apps"
$AppID = "Your-App-Code-Goes-Here"

$Users = (Get-ChildItem -Path "$Path").name | Where-Object {($_ -like "*-*-*-*-*") -and ($_ -notlike "*00000000-0000-0000-0000-*")}

foreach ($user in $Users) {
    $Name = $User -replace "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE","HKLM:"
    $UserID = $user.split("\")[-1]
    $Applications = Get-ChildItem -Path $Name | Where-Object {$_.name -like "*$($AppID)*"}
    foreach ($App in $Applications) {
        $AppName = $App -replace "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE","HKLM:"
        Write-Host "App Name: $AppName"
        remove-item -Path $AppName -Recurse -Verbose -force
    }
    $GRSPath = "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\IntuneManagementExtension\Win32Apps\$UserID\GRS"
    $GRSes = Get-childitem -path $GRSPath
    foreach ($GRS in $GRSes) {
        $GRSProps = $GRS | Get-ItemProperty
        $Count = $GRSProps.psobject.Properties.count 
        if ($Count.count -gt 5) {
            $TotalKey = $GRSProps.psobject.Properties.name | where-object {$_ -like "*-*-*-*-*"}
            if ($TotalKey -like "*$($AppID)*") {
                $PathToRemove = $GRS.name -replace "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE","HKLM:"
                Remove-Item -Path $PathToRemove -Recurse -Force -Verbose
            }
        }
    }
}
Get-Service -DisplayName "Microsoft Intune Management Extension" | Restart-Service -Verbose

There are many versions online for this script. Most use the logs, and that’s cool. This script doesn’t use the logs, and for a good cause. In my case, the logs were deleted. Why were they deleted, you shall ask? Humans, that’s always going to be my answer until it’s AI.

The break down

Let’s break this bad boy down, shall we? The first part of the script is the path we are going to be playing with, followed by the code of the app. You will have to grab this from your intune.

$Path = "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\IntuneManagementExtension\Win32Apps"
$AppID = "Your-App-Code-Goes-Here"

Next, we want to grab all the users. So, remember I said the system uses all zeros. Well, we want to exclude those. However, users use the hypens. It’s the Fantastic 4, hypens, not the Marvel characters. Using a basic where object, we sort through all of the ones that have our hypens and are not the system and drop their ID numbers into the users variable.

$Users = (Get-ChildItem -Path "$Path").name | Where-Object {($_ -like "*-*-*-*") -and ($_ -notlike "*00000000-0000-0000-0000-*")}

Handling the App Side

Now we start our loop. Everyone should like a good loop. Each user will have it’s own path. The first thing we run into is that the above command gave us HKEY_Local_Machine instead of a searchable HKLM. So we change them using the replace. Then we grab the userID for later. Finally, we grab all the applications. Notice the name is the new name we made. It’s important to have the HKLM: because without it, you will get an error with get-childitem.
No candy was stolen from any children while writing this blog post.

    $Name = $User -replace "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE","HKLM:"
    $UserID = $user.split("\")[-1]
    $Applications = Get-ChildItem -Path $Name | Where-Object {$_.name -like "*$($AppID)*"}

Notice we are looking for the appid at the end. Sometimes, there will be more than one entry like this. To force Intune apps to redeploy, we must remove all of them. I liken them to bed bugs. Burn them all. With that said, we start our loop. For each App inside the applications. We will get the app name and then remove it. Once again, we used get-childitem. Goodness, I need to stop still items from kids. So we need to convert the name like we did before changing the HKEY_Local_machine to HKLM: with a nice replace. Once we have it, we delete the path and everything inside by force.

foreach ($App in $Applications) {
        $AppName = $App -replace "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE","HKLM:"
        Write-Host "App Name: $AppName"
        remove-item -Path $AppName -Recurse -Verbose
 }

Handling GRS Side

Now we need to handle the GRS side. The GRS keeps the datetime stamps. Like I said before, most people use the logs. Today we will navigate through the registry. The first thing we are going to do is set the path and get the kids on that path. This is where the UserID we made at the start of this big loop comes into play.

$GRSPath = "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\IntuneManagementExtension\Win32Apps\$UserID\GRS"
$GRSes = Get-childitem -path $GRSPath

Now we have the children’s items. We start our looping. The first thing we get is our GRS properties with the get-itemproperty commands. Now here is the magic. A standard check has only 1 or maybe 2 items inside the folder. While more advanced items will have more than that. So, if we convert the properties into a Powershell object, we can count them.

$GRSProps = $GRS | Get-ItemProperty
$Count = $GRSProps.psobject.Properties.count

Yes, the second line works. You can pretty much convert anything into a PowerShell object. All we have to do now is count how many counts per object are there. When we convert the item property into a powershell object, we gain a few extra items. So, anything past 5 in this case will be our special stuff. So, if it is past 5, we get to work.

We first look at the keys, looking for our fantastic 4. We will do this by calling the psobject.properties.name because it will be the name of the property. Then we will compare it to the appid. If they are the same, we correct the hkey_local_machine and drop our nuke, remove-item. Nested ifs are fun, but can get complex quick if you don’t watch out.

if ($Count.count -gt 5) {
        $TotalKey = $GRSProps.psobject.Properties.name | where-object {$_ -like "*-*-*-*-*"}
        if ($TotalKey -like "*$($AppID)*") {
            $PathToRemove = $GRS.name -replace "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE","HKLM:"
            Remove-Item -Path $PathToRemove -Recurse -Force -Verbose
        }
}

The GRS has been removed after this.

Restarting the service

After the large loop of Fantastic Four, we have to restart the intune extension. So, using get service, we pipe it into restart service. Then we are done! Right? Well, kind of.

Get-Service -DisplayName "Microsoft Intune Management Extension" | Restart-Service -Verbose

Final Step

After the script has done it’s thing and stolen candy for kids and nuked stuff, you will need to resync the computer. You can do this via the Accounts setting, or you can do this via Intune. In my case, the application we were redeploying was our remote application. So, I had to do it via Intune.

Navigate to the device under Windows > Device Name and hit the sync button. Now you are done. Force Intune apps to redeploy, check.

What can we learn as a person?

Restarting is sometimes the only option. Taking a step back, clearing things away, and starting new is good, whether you’re troubleshooting an Intune app deployment or dealing with a hard time in life.

When an app in Intune stops working, we don’t just sit around and hope it gets fixed (at least for a while). After we empty the registry and do some troubleshooting, we gently push it to redeploy. Life is no different. When things don’t work out the way you expected, that’s okay; setbacks are inevitable. Starting over equalizes the situation; it’s not a sign of surrender.

Restarts, in reality, are chances for growth. By doing so, they demonstrate our flexibility, competence, determination and insight to put things right. Our fantasic four. When something feels stuck, whether it’s an app or your thinking, don’t be scared to reset. Do not be afraid, especially with our thinking. That’s where real change happens.

Get Intune Devices with PowerShell

by David | Mar 4, 2024 | Azure, Information Technology, PowerShell

Recently I was working with a company that gave me a really locked down account. I wasn’t use to this as I have always had some level of read only access in each system. I was unable to create a graph API application either. So, I was limited to just my account. This was a great time to use the newer command lines for graph Api as when you connect to Graph API using the PowerShell module, you inherit the access your account has. So today we will Get Intune Devices with PowerShell and Graph API.

The Script

Function Get-IntuneComputer {
    [cmdletbinding()]
    param (
        [string[]]$Username,
        [switch]$Disconnect
    )
    begin {

        #Connects to Graph API

        #Installs the Module
        if ($null -eq (Get-Module Microsoft.Graph.Intune)) {Install-module Microsoft.Graph.Intune}

        #Imports module
        Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Intune

        #Tests current Connection with a known computer
        $test = Get-IntuneManagedDevice -Filter "deviceName eq 'AComputer'"

        #If the test is empty, then we connect
        if ($null -eq $test) {Connect-MSGraph}
    }
    process {

        #Checks to see if the username flag was used
        if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Username')) {
            #if it was used, then we go through each username get information
            $ReturnInfo = foreach ($User in $Username) {
                Get-IntuneManagedDevice -Filter "userPrincipalName eq '$User'" | select-object deviceName,lastSyncDateTime,manufacturer,model,isEncrypted,complianceState
            }
        } else {
            
            #Grabs all of the devices and simple common information. 
            $ReturnInfo = Get-IntuneManagedDevice | Get-MSGraphAllPages | select-object deviceName,lastSyncDateTime,manufacturer,model,isEncrypted,complianceState,userDisplayName,userPrincipalName
        }
    }    
    end {

        #Returns the information
        $ReturnInfo

        #Disconnects if we want it. 
        if ($Disconnect) {Disconnect-MgGraph}
    }
}

The Breakdown

Parameters

We enter the script with the common parameters. Command let binding flag. This gives us additional parameters like verbose. Next, we have a list of strings called Username. We are using a list of strings to allow us to have multiple inputs. Doing this, we should be able to use a list of usernames and get their Intune Device information. Note that this is a multiple input parameter, thus, you will need to deal with it with a loop later. Next is the Disconnect switch. It’s either true or not. By default, this script will keep connected to Intune.

Connecting to Intune

Next we will connect to the Intune system. First, we need to check and install the module. We check the install by using the get-module command. We are looking for the Microsoft.Graph.Intune module. If it doesn’t exist, we want to install it.

if ($null -eq (Get-Module Microsoft.Graph.Intune)) {Install-module Microsoft.Graph.Intune}

If the module does exist, we will simply skip the install and move to the import. We will be using the importing the same module

Import-Module Microsoft.Graph.Intune

Afterwards, We want to test the connection to Microsoft Intune. The best way to do this is to test a command. You can do it however you want. I am testing against a device that is in Intune.

$test = Get-IntuneManagedDevice -Filter "deviceName eq 'AComputer'"

We will be using this command later. Notice the filter. We are filter the deviceName here. Replace the ‘AComputer’ with whatever you want. If you want to use another command, feel free. This was the fastest command that tested. The above command will produce a null response if you are not connect. Thus, we can test, $test with an if statement. If it comes back with information, we are good, but if it is null, we tell it to connect.

if ($null -eq $test) {Connect-MSGraph}

Get Intune Devices with PowerShell

Now it’s time to Get Intune Devices with PowerShell. The first thing we check to see is if we used a username parameter. We didn’t make this parameter mandatory to give the script flexibility. Now, we need to code for said flexibility. If the command contained the Username flag, we want to honor that usage. We do this with the PowerShell Bound Parameters. The PowerShell Bound Parameters is the – that come after the command. We are looking to see if it contains a key of username. If it does, we want to grab the needed information with the username. While if it doesn’t, we grab everything.

if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Username')) {
    #Grab based on username
} else {
    #get every computer
}

As we spoke about the list of string parameter needing a loop, this is where we are going to do that. We first create a foreach loop of users for the username. Here, the we will dump the gathered information into a Return variable of $ReturnInfo. Inside our loop, we gather the requried information. The Get-IntuneManagedDevice command filter will need to use the userPrincipalName. These filters are string filters and not object filters. Thus, the term like will cause issues. This is why we are using the equal term.

Now, if we are not searching the Username, we want to grab all the devices on the network. This way if you run the command without any flags, you will get information. Here, we use the Get-IntuneManagedDevice followed by the Get-MSGraphAllPages to capture all the pages in question.

if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Username')) {
            $ReturnInfo = foreach ($User in $Username) {
                Get-IntuneManagedDevice -Filter "userPrincipalName eq '$User'"
            }
        } else {
            $ReturnInfo = Get-IntuneManagedDevice | Get-MSGraphAllPages 
        }

Ending the Script

Now it’s time to end the script. We want to return the information gathered. I want to know some basic information. The commands presented produces a large amount of data. In this case we will be selecting the following:

DeviceName
LastSyncDateTime
Manufacturer
Model
isEncrypted
ComplianceState
UserDisplayName
UserPrincipalName

$ReturnInfo | select-object deviceName,lastSyncDateTime,manufacturer,model,isEncrypted,complianceState,userDisplayName,userPrincipalName

Finally, we test to see if we wanted to disconnect. A simple if statement does this. If we choose to disconnect we run the Disconnect-MgGraph command.

if ($Disconnect) {Disconnect-MgGraph}

What can we learn as a person

In PowerShell, we can stream line the output that we get. Often times commands like these produce a lot of useless but useful information. It’s not useful at the moment. This is like our work enviroment. I use to be a big advacate of duel, and not more screens. I would often have 5 things going on at once. My desk use to have everything I needed to quickly grab and solve a personal problem. For example, my chapstick sat on my computer stand. My water bottle beside the monitor. Papers, sticky notes, and more all scattered accross my desk. I wondered why I couldn’t focus. Our brains are like batteries. How much focus is the charge. Our brains take in everything. Your brain notices the speck of dirt on the computer monitor and the sticky note, without your password on it, hanging from your monitor. This takes your charge.

Having two monitors is great and I still use two. However, I have a focused monitor and a second monitor for when I need to connect to something else. At some point I will get a larger wider monitor and drop the second one all together. Having less allows your brain to grab more attention on one or two tasks. Someone like myself, I have more than one task going at any moment. That’s ok with my brain. Let’s use our Select-object command in real life and remove the distractions from our desks.

Additional Readings

Auto 365 Licensing with Groups

by David | Mar 17, 2023 | Azure, Information Technology

I was working with a client a few months ago, and they needed me to set up auto licensing. The idea is that the helpdesk right-clicks on a user and clicks copy. That user will get all the groups inside the template user. This also includes licensing for O365. Believe it or not, this is super easy to do.

The client’s structure was as such, They had a local active directory that uses ad connect to sync all the user information. The ad sync occurred every 30 minutes.

Local AD

The first step is to create the licensing groups in local AD. In this case, I named them “Microsoft Office 365 E3” and “Microsoft Office 365 F3”. This way it’s super clear. These will be security groups. I have them in an OU that is synced with AD Connect.

Only users that will get E3 will be in the E3 group and the ones getting F3 will be in the F3 group. Once again, very clear.

Now I have created the groups, I complete an AD sync or I wait for the ADSync to be completed. To force an ad sync, you will need to log into the AD sync server. Normally this is a DC, it doesn’t have to be, but normally from my experience, it is.

Start-ADSyncSyncCycle -PolicyType Initial

You can view your sync by loading the Synchronization Service Manager and watching the sync. Once the sync is complete, move to the next step, Azure AD.

Azure AD Licensing Assignments.

Log into azure ad at https://entra.microsoft.com. On the left side, You will see Groups. Expand Groups and Click all Groups. Then search for the group you are looking for. In this case we want the Microsoft Office 365 E3 Group.

Now its time to add the license for anyone who joins this group.

Click on the Group
Under Manage click Licenses
In The middle Click Assignment
Add the desired licenses and applications associated with the licenses, See the image below.
Click Save.

The final step is to add users accordingly. After they sync, they will receive the licensing accordingly. Now you have a fully automated method of assigning licenses.

Additional Reading

Audit Licensing

Azure AD Connect Unauthorized Error

by David | Nov 18, 2022 | Azure, Help Desk, Information Technology

Today I was trying to sync a user’s account to the cloud and I received an error code that was new to me. Access denied, Unauthorized! I was using a domain admin account. I should have full access and rights. It threw me off as I have never seen such a thing. Why was I getting the “Azure AD Connect Unauthorized error”? This is what the error message looked like:

Retrieving the COM class factory for remote component with CLSID {xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxx}
from machine DC-01 failed due to the following error: 80070005 DC-01.
    + CategoryInfo          : WriteError: (Microsoft.Ident...ADSyncSyncCycle:StartADSyncSyncCycle)
      [Start-ADSyncSyncCycle], UnauthorizedAccessException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : Retrieving the COM class factory for remote component with CLSID
      {835BEE60-8731-4159-8BFF-941301D76D05} from machine DC-01 failed due to the following error: 
      80070005 DC-01.,Microsoft.IdentityManagement.PowerShell.Cmdlet.StartADSyncSyncCycle

I was lost for a second. After looking into ad for the ADSync groups and found that no user had access to any of the groups. There were 4 groups found: the Password Set, Operators, Browse, and admins.

I added the domain admins to the ADSync Admins. Once I logged out of the server and logged back into the server. Then I was able to complete an ADSync Cycle. This resolved the Azure AD Connect Unauthorized error message for me. Why were domain admins not present? I don’t know, but now I know where to look if I see this error again.

For more reading

Share Point File Audit

by David | Sep 23, 2022 | Azure, Exchange, Information Technology, PowerShell, Resources

While reading on Reddit, I found a common thread. People need a quick way to do a Share Point File Audit. I have a PowerShell function for this in my toolbox. This tool heavily uses the Search-UnifiedAuditLog command let. The most common items I tend to audit are file modifications and deletions. This function goes through, modified, moved, renamed, downloaded, uploaded, accessed, synced, malware detection, restored from trash, locked, and finally unlocked. The Search-UnifiedAuditLog is an exchange online command at the time of this writing. Thus, you need to connect to exchange online. In this function, I am using the switch command. I will follow that structure for the breakdown. Lets first jump in with the function.

The Function

function Invoke-SharePointFileAudit {
    [cmdletbinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)][validateset("Deleted", "Modified", "Moved", "Renamed", "Downloaded", "Uploaded", "Synced", "Accessed", "MalwareDetected", "Restored", "Locked", "unLocked")][string]$Type,
        [parameter(Mandatory = $false)][switch]$KeepAlive,
        [switch]$SharePointOnline,
        [switch]$OneDrive, 
        [Nullable[DateTime]]$StartDate,
        [Nullable[DateTime]]$EndDate,
        [string]$Outfile,
        [int]$ResultSize = 5000
    )
    Begin {
        $Module = Get-Module ExchangeOnlineManagement -ListAvailable
        if ($Module.count -eq 0) {Install-Module ExchangeOnlineManagement -Repository PSGallery -AllowClobber -Force}

        $getsessions = Get-PSSession | Select-Object -Property State, Name
        $isconnected = (@($getsessions) -like '@{State=Opened; Name=ExchangeOnlineInternalSession*').Count -gt 0
        If ($isconnected -ne "false") {
            try { 
                Connect-ExchangeOnline
            }
            catch {
                Write-Error "Exchange Online Failed. Ending"
                end
            }
        }
        #Auto Generates Start and Finish dates
        if ($Null -eq $StartDate) { $StartDate = ((Get-Date).AddDays(-89)).Date }
        if ($Null -eq $EndDate) { $EndDate = (Get-Date).Date }
        #Tests if end date is before start date.
        if ($EndDate -lt $StartDate) { $StartDate = ((Get-Date).AddDays(-89)).Date }
        if ($EndDate -gt (Get-Date).Date) { $EndDate = (Get-Date).Date }
        
    }
    Process {
        switch ($Type) {
            "Deleted" {
                $DeletedRecords = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -Operations "FileDeleted,FileDeletedFirstStageRecycleBin,FileDeletedSecondStageRecycleBin,FileVersionsAllDeleted,FileRecycled" -SessionId deleted -SessionCommand ReturnLargeSet -ResultSize 5000
                $Return = foreach ($DeletedRecord in $DeletedRecords) {
                    $JSONInfo = $DeletedRecord.AuditData | convertfrom-json
                    [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
                        TimeStampe  = ($JSONInfo.creationtime).tolocaltime()
                        UserName    = $DeletedRecord.UserIds
                        ClientIP    = $JSONInfo.ClientIP
                        Source      = $JSONInfo.EventSource
                        Workload    = $JSONInfo.Workload
                        Operation   = $JSONInfo.Operation
                        SiteURL     = $JSONInfo.SiteURL
                        RelativeURL = $JSONInfo.SourceRelativeUrl
                        FileName    = $JSONInfo.SourceFileName
                        ObjectID    = $JSONInfo.ObjectId
                    }
                }
            }
            "Modified" {
                $ModifiedRecords = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -Operations "FileModified,FileModifiedExtended" -SessionId Modified -SessionCommand ReturnLargeSet -ResultSize 5000
                $Return = foreach ($ModifiedRecord in $ModifiedRecords) {
                    $JSONInfo = $ModifiedRecord.AuditData | convertfrom-json
                    [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
                        TimeStamp   = ($JSONInfo.creationtime).tolocaltime()
                        UserName    = $ModifiedRecord.UserIds
                        ClientIP    = $JSONInfo.ClientIP
                        Source      = $JSONInfo.EventSource
                        Workload    = $JSONInfo.Workload
                        Operation   = $JSONInfo.Operation
                        SiteURL     = $JSONInfo.SiteURL
                        RelativeURL = $JSONInfo.SourceRelativeUrl
                        FileName    = $JSONInfo.SourceFileName
                        ObjectID    = $JSONInfo.ObjectId
                    }
                }
            }
            "Moved" {
                $MovedRecords = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -Operations "FileMoved" -SessionId Moved -SessionCommand ReturnLargeSet -ResultSize 5000
                $Return = foreach ($MovedRecord in $MovedRecords) {
                    $JSONInfo = $MovedRecord.AuditData | convertfrom-json
                    [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
                        TimeStamp              = ($JSONInfo.creationtime).tolocaltime()
                        UserName               = $MovedRecord.UserIds
                        ClientIP               = $JSONInfo.ClientIP
                        Source                 = $JSONInfo.EventSource
                        Workload               = $JSONInfo.Workload
                        Operation              = $JSONInfo.Operation
                        SiteURL                = $JSONInfo.SiteURL
                        SourceRelativeURL      = $JSONInfo.SourceRelativeUrl
                        DestinationRelativeURL = $JSONInfo.DestinationRelativeURL
                        FileName               = $JSONInfo.SourceFileName
                        ObjectID               = $JSONInfo.ObjectId
                    }
                }
            }
            "Renamed" {
                $RenamedRecords = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -Operations "FileRenamed" -SessionId Renamed -SessionCommand ReturnLargeSet -ResultSize 5000
                $Return = foreach ($RenamedRecord in $RenamedRecords) {
                    $JSONInfo = $RenamedRecord.AuditData | convertfrom-json
                    [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
                        TimeStamp           = ($JSONInfo.creationtime).tolocaltime()
                        UserName            = $RenamedRecord.UserIds
                        ClientIP            = $JSONInfo.ClientIP
                        Source              = $JSONInfo.EventSource
                        Workload            = $JSONInfo.Workload
                        Operation           = $JSONInfo.Operation
                        SiteURL             = $JSONInfo.SiteURL
                        SourceRelativeURL   = $JSONInfo.SourceRelativeUrl
                        SourceFileName      = $JSONInfo.SourceFileName
                        DestinationFileName = $JSONInfo.DestinationFileName
                        ObjectID            = $JSONInfo.ObjectId
                    }
                }
            }
            "Downloaded" {
                $DownloadedRecords = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -Operations "FileDownloaded" -SessionId Downloaded -SessionCommand ReturnLargeSet -ResultSize 5000
                $Return = foreach ($DownloadedRecord in $DownloadedRecords) {
                    $JSONInfo = $DownloadedRecord.AuditData | convertfrom-json
                    [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
                        TimeStamp         = ($JSONInfo.creationtime).tolocaltime()
                        UserName          = $DownloadedRecord.UserIds
                        ClientIP          = $JSONInfo.ClientIP
                        Source            = $JSONInfo.EventSource
                        Workload          = $JSONInfo.Workload
                        Operation         = $JSONInfo.Operation
                        SiteURL           = $JSONInfo.SiteURL
                        SourceRelativeURL = $JSONInfo.SourceRelativeUrl
                        SourceFileName    = $JSONInfo.SourceFileName
                        ObjectID          = $JSONInfo.ObjectId
                    }
                }
            }
            "Uploaded" {
                $UploadedRecords = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -Operations "FileUploaded" -SessionId Uploaded -SessionCommand ReturnLargeSet -ResultSize 5000
                $Return = foreach ($UploadedRecord in $UploadedRecords) {
                    $JSONInfo = $UploadedRecord.AuditData | convertfrom-json
                    [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
                        TimeStamp         = ($JSONInfo.creationtime).tolocaltime()
                        UserName          = $UploadedRecord.UserIds
                        ClientIP          = $JSONInfo.ClientIP
                        Source            = $JSONInfo.EventSource
                        Workload          = $JSONInfo.Workload
                        Operation         = $JSONInfo.Operation
                        SiteURL           = $JSONInfo.SiteURL
                        SourceRelativeURL = $JSONInfo.SourceRelativeUrl
                        SourceFileName    = $JSONInfo.SourceFileName
                        ObjectID          = $JSONInfo.ObjectId
                    }
                }
            }
            "Synced" {
                $SyncedRecords = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -Operations "FileSyncDownloadedFull,FileSyncUploadedFull" -SessionId Synced -SessionCommand ReturnLargeSet -ResultSize 5000
                $Return = foreach ($SyncedRecord in $SyncedRecords) {
                    $JSONInfo = $SyncedRecord.AuditData | convertfrom-json
                    [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
                        TimeStamp         = ($JSONInfo.creationtime).tolocaltime()
                        UserName          = $SyncedRecord.UserIds
                        ClientIP          = $JSONInfo.ClientIP
                        Source            = $JSONInfo.EventSource
                        Workload          = $JSONInfo.Workload
                        Operation         = $JSONInfo.Operation
                        SiteURL           = $JSONInfo.SiteURL
                        SourceRelativeURL = $JSONInfo.SourceRelativeUrl
                        SourceFileName    = $JSONInfo.SourceFileName
                        ObjectID          = $JSONInfo.ObjectId
                    }
                }
            }
            "Accessed" {
                $AccessedRecords = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -Operations "FileAccessed,FileAccessedExtended" -SessionId Accessed -SessionCommand ReturnLargeSet -ResultSize 5000
                $Return = foreach ($AccessedRecord in $AccessedRecords) {
                    $JSONInfo = $AccessedRecord.AuditData | convertfrom-json
                    [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
                        TimeStamp         = ($JSONInfo.creationtime).tolocaltime()
                        UserName          = $AccessedRecord.UserIds
                        ClientIP          = $JSONInfo.ClientIP
                        Source            = $JSONInfo.EventSource
                        Workload          = $JSONInfo.Workload
                        Operation         = $JSONInfo.Operation
                        SiteURL           = $JSONInfo.SiteURL
                        SourceRelativeURL = $JSONInfo.SourceRelativeUrl
                        SourceFileName    = $JSONInfo.SourceFileName
                        ObjectID          = $JSONInfo.ObjectId
                    }
                }
            }
            "MalwareDetected" {
                $MalewareRecords = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -Operations "FileMalwareDetected" -SessionId MalewareRecords -SessionCommand ReturnLargeSet -ResultSize 5000
                $Return = foreach ($MalewareRecord in $MalewareRecords) {
                    $JSONInfo = $MalewareRecord.AuditData | convertfrom-json
                    [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
                        TimeStamp   = ($JSONInfo.creationtime).tolocaltime()
                        UserName    = $MalewareRecord.UserIds
                        ClientIP    = $JSONInfo.ClientIP
                        Source      = $JSONInfo.EventSource
                        Workload    = $JSONInfo.Workload
                        Operation   = $JSONInfo.Operation
                        SiteURL     = $JSONInfo.SiteURL
                        RelativeURL = $JSONInfo.SourceRelativeUrl
                        FileName    = $JSONInfo.SourceFileName
                        ObjectID    = $JSONInfo.ObjectId
                    }
                }
            }
            "Restored" {
                $RestoredRecords = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -Operations "FileRestored" -SessionId RestoredRecords -SessionCommand ReturnLargeSet -ResultSize 5000
                $Return = foreach ($RestoredRecord in $RestoredRecords) {
                    $JSONInfo = $RestoredRecord.AuditData | convertfrom-json
                    [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
                        TimeStamp   = ($JSONInfo.creationtime).tolocaltime()
                        UserName    = $RestoredRecord.UserIds
                        ClientIP    = $JSONInfo.ClientIP
                        Source      = $JSONInfo.EventSource
                        Workload    = $JSONInfo.Workload
                        Operation   = $JSONInfo.Operation
                        SiteURL     = $JSONInfo.SiteURL
                        RelativeURL = $JSONInfo.SourceRelativeUrl
                        FileName    = $JSONInfo.SourceFileName
                        ObjectID    = $JSONInfo.ObjectId
                    }
                }
            }
            "Locked" {
                $LockedRecords = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -Operations "LockRecord" -SessionId Locked -SessionCommand ReturnLargeSet -ResultSize 5000
                $Return = foreach ($LockedRecord in $LockedRecords) {
                    $JSONInfo = $LockedRecord.AuditData | convertfrom-json
                    [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
                        TimeStamp   = ($JSONInfo.creationtime).tolocaltime()
                        UserName    = $LockedRecord.UserIds
                        ClientIP    = $JSONInfo.ClientIP
                        Source      = $JSONInfo.EventSource
                        Workload    = $JSONInfo.Workload
                        Operation   = $JSONInfo.Operation
                        SiteURL     = $JSONInfo.SiteURL
                        RelativeURL = $JSONInfo.SourceRelativeUrl
                        FileName    = $JSONInfo.SourceFileName
                        ObjectID    = $JSONInfo.ObjectId
                    }
                }
            }
            "unLocked" {
                $unLockedRecords = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -Operations "UnlockRecord" -SessionId UnlockRecord -SessionCommand ReturnLargeSet -ResultSize 5000
                $Return = foreach ($unLockedRecord in $unLockedRecords) {
                    $JSONInfo = $unLockedRecord.AuditData | convertfrom-json
                    [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
                        TimeStamp   = ($JSONInfo.creationtime).tolocaltime()
                        UserName    = $unLockedRecord.UserIds
                        ClientIP    = $JSONInfo.ClientIP
                        Source      = $JSONInfo.EventSource
                        Workload    = $JSONInfo.Workload
                        Operation   = $JSONInfo.Operation
                        SiteURL     = $JSONInfo.SiteURL
                        RelativeURL = $JSONInfo.SourceRelativeUrl
                        FileName    = $JSONInfo.SourceFileName
                        ObjectID    = $JSONInfo.ObjectId
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
    }
    end {
        if (!($SharePointOnline -and $OneDrive) -or ($SharePointOnline -and $OneDrive)) {
            if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey("OutFile")) {
                $Return | Export-Csv ./$Outfile.CSV
            }
            else {
                $Return
            }
        }
        elseif ($SharePointOnline) {
            if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey("OutFile")) {
                $Return | where-object { $_.workload -like "SharePoint" } | Export-Csv ./$Outfile.CSV
            }
            else {
                $Return | where-object { $_.workload -like "SharePoint" }
            }
        }
        elseif ($OneDrive) { 
            if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey("OutFile")) {
                $Return | where-object { $_.workload -like "OneDrive" } | Export-Csv ./$Outfile.CSV
            }
            else {
                $Return | where-object { $_.workload -like "OneDrive" }
            }
        }
        if (!($KeepAlive)) {
            Disconnect-ExchangeOnline -Confirm:$false -InformationAction Ignore -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }
    }
}

The Breakdown of Share Point File Audit

I’m glad you came to the breakdown. It means you want to know how the code works. This means you truly care about learning. Thank you. This code repeats itself a few times in different ways. So, I will call out the differences, but not the likes after the first time explaining something. The first section is our Parameters.

Parameters

We have 8 Parameters, and only one of them is mandatory. Firstly, we have the Type parameter. This mandatory validate set allows you to select from a list of commands we will be using in this function.

Deleted
Modified
Created
Moved
Renamed
Downloaded
Uploaded
Synced
Accessed
MalwareDetected
Restored
Locked
UnLocked

Afterward, we have Keep Alive. This allows us to run the command multiple times without signing back into the system. So, if you want to keep your session alive, flip that flag. Next, we have two switches. The first Switch is to pull only items edited in SharePoint itself. The next is for one drive. They are named accordingly. After that, we have a start date and an end date. These values are nullable. Basically, you don’t need them. The outfile is asking for just the name of the file. We are using the “./” to save it wherever you run the command from. Finally, we have the result size. If you want the max number of results, 5000. However, you can make this number smaller.

Begin

In our begin section, we want to test the Exchange Online Management Module. Secondly, we want to validate exchange connectivity. After that, we want to gather the date information for the start and end dates. Let’s take a look at the exchange part first.

$Module = Get-Module ExchangeOnlineManagement -ListAvailable

The Get-Module command works with PowerShell 5.1. However, I have seen PowerShell flak with this command failing to pull the information. I am going to assume your PowerShell is up to date with your current version.

if ($Module.count -eq 0) {
    Install-Module ExchangeOnlineManagement -Repository PSGallery -AllowClobber -Force
}

Afterward, we want to install the exchange online management module if we don’t detect the module. We are using the count to see how many objects are inside our module variable. If it’s 0, it’s time to install. We install it from the PSGallery.

$getsessions = Get-PSSession | Select-Object -Property State, Name
$isconnected = (@($getsessions) -like '@{State=Opened; Name=ExchangeOnlineInternalSession*').Count -gt 0

Now, we test exchange connections. We use the Get-PSSession to review the current connections. Next, we test if the connections with the name “ExchangeOnlineInternalSession” is greater than zero. “isconnected” will produce a true or false statement.

If ($isconnected -ne "false") {
    try { 
        Connect-ExchangeOnline
    } catch {
        Write-Error "Exchange Online Failed. Ending"
        end
    }
}

After which, we can test with. False, we try to connect. However, if there is an error, we end the script and let the user know. We are not using a credential object to authenticate because MFA should always be a thing.

#Auto Generates Start and Finish dates
if ($Null -eq $StartDate) { $StartDate = ((Get-Date).AddDays(-89)).Date }
if ($Null -eq $EndDate) { $EndDate = (Get-Date).Date }
#Tests if end date is before start date.
if ($EndDate -lt $StartDate) { $StartDate = ((Get-Date).AddDays(-89)).Date }
if ($EndDate -gt (Get-Date).Date) { $EndDate = (Get-Date).Date }

Afterward, we need to get the dates right. If the start date is null, we are going to pull 90 days back. We do this by using the standard. We do the same with the end date. If it’s null, we grab today’s date. Now to prevent errors, we check the start date and end date. The end date can’t be before the start date. This is similar to the end date. The end date can’t be greater than the current date. We use the if statement to resolve this.

Process

We begin the process by looking directly at our “Type” variable by using a switch command. The switch allows us to go through each “Type” and run the commands accordingly. Let’s look at one of the switch processes.

$DeletedRecords = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -Operations "FileDeleted,FileDeletedFirstStageRecycleBin,FileDeletedSecondStageRecycleBin,FileVersionsAllDeleted,FileRecycled" -SessionId deleted -SessionCommand ReturnLargeSet -ResultSize 5000
$Return = foreach ($DeletedRecord in $DeletedRecords) {
    $JSONInfo = $DeletedRecord.AuditData | convertfrom-json
    [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
        TimeStampe  = ($JSONInfo.creationtime).tolocaltime()
        UserName    = $DeletedRecord.UserIds
        ClientIP    = $JSONInfo.ClientIP
        Source      = $JSONInfo.EventSource
        Workload    = $JSONInfo.Workload
        Operation   = $JSONInfo.Operation
        SiteURL     = $JSONInfo.SiteURL
        RelativeURL = $JSONInfo.SourceRelativeUrl
        FileName    = $JSONInfo.SourceFileName
        ObjectID    = $JSONInfo.ObjectId
    }
}

The data that search-unifiedauditlog produces a section called “AuditData”. This section has almost every piece of information you will need. The difference between each “Type” will be the Operations, and session id. The operations target the required logs. This creates the backbone of the Share Point File Audit. The graph below will show which operations I am using. Once you gather the operation information, we need to pull the AuditData. This data will be in JSON format. We start off by looping the records with a for each loop. Then we pull the auditdata and pipe it into convertfrom-json. Next, we create our PS Custom Object. Other than Moved, the output of the other logs contains almost the same information. See the script for the information.

Operation Filters

Deleted
- FileDeleted
- FileDeletedFirstStageRecycleBin
- FileDeletedSecondStageRecycleBin
- FileVersionsAllDeleted
- FileRecycled
Modified
- FileModified
- FileModifiedExtended
Moved
- FileMoved
Renamed
- FileRenamed
Downloaded
- FileDownloaded
Uploaded
- FileUploaded
Synced
- FileSyncDownloadedFull
- FileSyncUploadedFull
Accessed
- FileAccessed
- FileAccessedExtended
MalwareDetected
- FileMalwareDetected
Restored
- FileRestored
Locked
- LockRecord
UnLocked
- UnlockRecord

End

Finally, it’s time for the end block. This is where we will present the data we have gathered. Firstly, we need to determine if the SharePoint or Onedrives were flipped or not.

if (!($SharePointOnline -and $OneDrive) -or ($SharePointOnline -and $OneDrive)) {
    if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey("OutFile")) {
        $Return | Export-Csv ./$Outfile.CSV
    } else {
        $Return
    }
}

Here we checking if both flags are not checked or if both flags are checked. Then we check if the user gave us a filename. If they did, we export our report to a csv file wherever we are executing the function from. However, if the user didn’t give us a filename, we just dump all the results.

elseif ($SharePointOnline) {
            if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey("OutFile")) {
                $Return | where-object { $_.workload -like "SharePoint" } | Export-Csv ./$Outfile.CSV
            }
            else {
                $Return | where-object { $_.workload -like "SharePoint" }
            }
        }
        elseif ($OneDrive) { 
            if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey("OutFile")) {
                $Return | where-object { $_.workload -like "OneDrive" } | Export-Csv ./$Outfile.CSV
            }
            else {
                $Return | where-object { $_.workload -like "OneDrive" }
            }
        }
        if (!($KeepAlive)) {
            Disconnect-ExchangeOnline -Confirm:$false -InformationAction Ignore -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }

Now, if the user selected either or, we present that information. We present those infos by using a where-object. Like before we ask if the user produced an outfile. Finally, we ask if keep alive was set. If it wasn’t we disconnect from the exchange.

Conclusion

In conclusion, auditing shouldn’t be difficult. We can quickly pull the info we need. I hope you enjoy this powerful little tools.

Custom Compliance Policy Scripts

by David | Sep 2, 2022 | Azure, Information Technology

Custom Compliance Policy Scripts will change how you build out compliance policies. In order to make a Custom Compliance Policy Script, you first must have Intune. You can review the licenses here. Once you have the proper licensing you should be able to log into the endpoint manager. The first thing we will need is a PowerShell script and a Json for this policy.

Custom Compliance Policy Scripts

The first thing we are going to do is build out the script. In this example, we are going to test for Sentinel One and Pearch. There are two ways we can do this, We can test if the services are installed or we can test to see if the product is installed. We will be using the services because the Product is a slower process. The output needs to be a compressed JSON file. Time to start building.

Firstly, we get the services with Get-Service.

#Grabs Services
$Services = Get-Service

Since we have the services, we can start testing against the collected info. We are looking for the services for perch and sentinel one. We will search for these two services using a where-object command. Below are the two services we are looking for.

Perch = Perch-Auditbeat
Sentinel One = SentinelAgent

We will wrap this where-object command inside an if..then statement. The output we are looking for is True or False.

#Checks the services
$ReturnHash = @{
    Perch     = if ($Services | where-object { $_.name -like "perch-auditbeat" }) { $true } else { $false }
    S1        = if ($Services | where-object { $_.name -like "SentinelAgent*" }) { $true } else { $false }
}

Finally, we sort and we send the results to a json file using the sort-object and convertto-json commands.

#Returns the Service
$ReturnHash | Sort-Object -Property name | ConvertTo-Json -Compress

Make sure to save this script as a PS1 because we will have to upload it later.

Custom Compliance Policy JSON

The next step is to create a custom compliance JSON file for your PowerShell. The JSON responds to the supported operators of IsEqual and the supported datatype of boolean. You can learn more about how to build your JSON here. Below is the JSON file.

{
    "Rules": [
        {
            "SettingName": "Perch",
            "Operator": "IsEquals",
            "DataType": "Boolean",
            "Operand": true,
            "MoreInfoURL": "https://google.com",
            "RemediationStrings": [
                {
                    "Language": "en_US",
                    "Title": "Perch",
                    "Description": "Please install the latest version of perch."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "SettingName": "S1",
            "Operator": "IsEquals",
            "DataType": "Boolean",
            "Operand": true,
            "MoreInfoURL": "https://google.com",
            "RemediationStrings": [
                {
                    "Language": "en_US",
                    "Title": "S1",
                    "Description": "Please install S1"
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

Building The Custom Compliance Policy

Navigation

As a result of having both of these files ready, moving forward is going to be sweet.

Open Endpoint Manager
Click Devices
Click Compliance Policies
Click Scripts.
Click Add and select windows 10 and later

Adding The Script

Under the basics tab, we need to fill in some information.

Name it something that makes sense. For example, S1 and Perch Script
The description is where you need to explain what’s going on. If you have any links, this is where you should add them.
The publisher is going to be yourself unless you are pulling the script from someone else.

Afterward, Click next to go to the Settings tab. Inside this tab, you will need to add the script that we wrote above. Just in case you forgot it.

#Grabs Services
$Services = Get-Service

#Checks the services
$ReturnHash = @{
    Perch     = if ($Services | where-object { $_.name -like "perch-auditbeat" }) { $true } else { $false }
    S1        = if ($Services | where-object { $_.name -like "SentinelAgent*" }) { $true } else { $false }
}

#Returns the Service
$ReturnHash | Sort-Object -Property name | ConvertTo-Json -Compress

The script needs to run as the computer since we are pulling from the services. We don’t need to enforce the script signature check and we are running the PowerShell 64 because it’s 2022. Once you have these set, click next to go to the review page. Review the settings and click create. The script takes about 2 minutes to show up in the Compliance Policies scripts.

Building the Custom Compliance Policy

Navigate back to Endpoint manager > Devices > Compliance Policies. Click the Create Policy button on the top of the screen. A “Create a policy” sidebar will appear. Set the platform to “Windows 10 and Later” and click create.

Basic Tab

This is where we will name the policy and give it a good description. The name needs to be unique and helps the end user understand what’s going on. I have named this one S1 and Perch Script Policy and described what it is doing in the description.

Compliance Settings Tab

Here is where we will be adding the script that we created in the previous step. Firstly, click the required toggle box. Next, click the “Click to Select”. A side “select a discovery script” will appear. Find your script and select it here. After that, we need to upload the JSON file. Click the blue icon and select your file. Additional information will appear.

Action for NonCompliance

Aftward, click the next button to bring yourself to the Action for NonCompliance tab. There is one default item in this list. Here you can do things like, emailing the user or marking them as noncompliant. You can even retire the machine after so many days. You can add message templates and more. For us, we are using the default setup at the 7 days mark.

Assignments

Comparatively, click next. The next tab is the assignments tab. This is where you can select your groups. In this example, I selected the windows 10 groups. To learn how to set up a dynamic windows 10 group, you can go here. To add a group, all you have to do is click Add Groups under the included. If you want to exclude a group, then add a group under excluded groups.

Review and Create

Finally, once you have the pieces put together, we can review them. If you see any errors, go back and fix them accordingly. If not, Click create. It can take a few minutes for the Custom Compliance Policy Scripts to show up in the main menu. Give it time.

Conclusion

Creating a Custom Compliance Policy Scripts will change how you Intune. It has changed how I Intune. The more you dig the deeper this rabbit whole will go. Take time and enjoy reading each thing you can do. It makes the world of custom compliance policies with PowerShell scripts different.

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